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HTML Syllabus
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1: Introduction to HTML
- What is HTML? Overview of HTML and its role in web development.
- The structure of a webpage.
- Browsers and how they render HTML.
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Basic HTML Structure
- Introduction to tags, elements, and attributes.
- Basic HTML document structure: <!DOCTYPE html>, <html>, <head>, <body>.
- Setting up a basic HTML page.
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First HTML Page
- Writing your first HTML code.
- Displaying content using <h1> to <h6>, <p>, and other text elements.
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2: Text Formatting and Links
- Text Formatting
- Using text elements like <b>, <i>, <strong>, <em>.
- Paragraphs, line breaks, and horizontal rules.
- Links
- Creating hyperlinks using the <a> tag.
- Adding internal and external links.
- Linking to specific parts of a webpage (anchor links).
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3: Lists and Images
- Unordered and Ordered Lists
- Creating bullet-point lists with <ul> and <li>.
- Creating numbered lists with <ol> and <li>.
- Images
- Adding images with the <img> tag.
- Understanding image attributes (<src>, <alt>, <width>, <height>).
- Image file formats: JPG, PNG, GIF.
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4: Tables and Forms
- Tables
- Creating tables using <table>, <tr>, <th>, <td>.
- Styling tables with attributes like <border>, <cellspacing>, and <cellpadding>.
- Forms
- Introduction to forms with the <form> tag.
- Form elements: <input>, <textarea>, <button>, <select>.
- Basic form attributes like <action> and <method>.
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5: Multimedia and Embedded Content
- Audio and Video
- Embedding audio and video files using <audio> and <video> tags.
- Attributes for controlling media playback.
- Embedding Content
- Using <iframe> to embed external content (like maps, videos, etc.).
- Introduction to embedding content from third-party platforms (YouTube, Google Maps).
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6: HTML5 Semantic Elements
- HTML5 Semantic Tags
- Introduction to semantic elements: <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>.
- Importance of semantic HTML for accessibility and SEO.
- HTML5 Forms Enhancements
- New input types in HTML5: <email>, <url>, <date>, etc.
- Form validation with attributes like <required>, <pattern>, <min>, <max>.
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7: HTML Layout and Styling
- Creating Layouts with HTML
- Using <div> and <span> for structuring content.
- Introduction to CSS for styling HTML elements (basic styles like color, fonts, borders, etc.).
- HTML Elements for Layout
- Working with <main>, <aside>, <section>, <footer> for better structure.
- Basic page layout structure.
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8: Accessibility and Best Practices
- Web Accessibility
- Importance of accessibility in HTML.
- Using <alt> attributes for images and <aria> roles for accessibility.
- Best Practices
- Writing clean, readable HTML code.
- Structuring HTML for SEO and performance.
- Testing webpages across different browsers.
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CSS Syllabus
- Introduction to CSS
- What is CSS?
- Overview of CSS and its role in web development.
- Understanding the relationship between HTML and CSS.
- The purpose of styling: Visual appeal, layout control, and presentation.
- CSS Syntax
- Basic syntax: Selectors, properties, and values.
- Inline, internal, and external styles.
- The <style> tag and linking external CSS with the <link> tag.
- Basic Selectors
- Selecting HTML elements using element, class, and ID selectors.
- Combining selectors (e.g., p.class, #id, div p).
- Text Styling and Fonts
- Text Properties
- Styling text using font-family, font-size, font-weight, font-style, and text-transform.
- Aligning text with text-align and vertical-align.
- Line Height and Letter Spacing
- Adjusting line height and spacing between letters (line-height, letter-spacing).
- Text Decoration and Effects
- Adding text decoration (text-decoration, text-shadow).
- Styling links with :link, :visited, :hover, and :active pseudo-classes.
- Colors and Backgrounds
- Coloring Text and Elements
- Using color names, RGB, RGBA, HEX, and HSL.
- The color property for text and background-color for backgrounds.
- Background Images
- Setting background images with background-image.
- Background properties: background-repeat, background-position, and background-size.
- Gradient Backgrounds
- Introduction to CSS gradients (linear-gradient, radial-gradient).
- Box Model and Layout Basics
- Understanding the Box Model
- The four main parts of the box model: content, padding, border, and margin.
- Controlling box dimensions with width, height, padding, border, and margin.
- Box Sizing
- The box-sizing property: content-box vs. border-box.
- Borders and Shadows
- Styling borders (border, border-radius, border-style).
- Adding shadows with box-shadow.
- Flexbox Layout
- Introduction to Flexbox
- Understanding Flexbox and its properties: display: flex, flex-direction, justify-content, align-items, and align-self.
- Building Layouts with Flexbox
- Creating flexible layouts for rows and columns.
- Aligning and distributing space in Flexbox containers.
- Responsive Flexbox
- Making flexible designs responsive using Flexbox.
- CSS Positioning and Z-Index
- Positioning Elements
- Understanding different positioning methods: static, relative, absolute, fixed, and sticky.
- Z-Index
- Controlling stacking order with the z-index property.
- Positioning for Layouts
- Building layouts with absolute and fixed positioning.
- CSS Grid Layout
- Introduction to CSS Grid
- Understanding CSS Grid and its properties: display: grid, grid-template-columns, grid-template-rows, grid-gap.
- Grid Item Placement
- Placing items in a grid using grid-column, grid-row, and span.
- Responsive grid layouts.
- Advanced Grid Features
- Named grid areas and media queries for grid layout responsiveness.
- Advanced CSS Concepts
- CSS Transitions and Animations
- Adding smooth transitions with transition property.
- Introduction to CSS animations: @keyframes, animation property, and animation timing functions.
- CSS Variables
- Introduction to CSS custom properties (variables) and their use in creating reusable styles.
- Media Queries for Responsive Design
- Introduction to responsive design.
- Using @media queries to adjust styles for different screen sizes.
- Styling Forms and Buttons
- Form Styling
- Styling form elements: input fields, buttons, checkboxes, radio buttons, and select dropdowns.
- Adding focus and hover effects to form elements.
- Buttons and Interactivity
- Styling buttons: background colors, borders, text, and hover effects.
- Creating interactive elements using :hover, :focus, and :active.
- Best Practices and Optimization
- CSS Best Practices
- Writing clean and maintainable CSS.
- Grouping similar styles and using shorthand notation.
- Keeping CSS DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself).
- Performance Optimization
- Optimizing CSS for fast loading times.
- Using CSS minification and combining stylesheets.
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Javascript Syllabus
- Introduction to JavaScript
- What is JavaScript?
- Overview of JavaScript, its role in web development.
- Differences between JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.
- Setting up the development environment (browser, code editor, console).
- Basic Syntax
- Writing basic JavaScript code: variables, statements, and expressions.
- Introduction to JavaScript comments (single-line and multi-line).
- Data Types and Variables
- Primitive data types: Numbers, Strings, Booleans, null, undefined.
- Declaring variables with var, let, and const.
- Type conversion and type coercion.
- Operators and Control Flow
- Operators
- Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %, ++, --.
- Comparison operators: ==, ===, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
- Logical operators: &&, ||, !.
- Assignment operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=.
- Conditional Statements
- if, else if, else statements.
- The switch statement.
- Ternary operator for conditional expressions.
- Control Flow
- Writing loops: for, while, do...while.
- The break and continue statements.
- Functions and Scope
- Functions
- Defining functions with function keyword.
- Function parameters and return values.
- Function expressions and arrow functions (=>).
- Scope and Closures
- Local vs global scope.
- The concept of closures and how they work.
- Block-level scoping with let and const.
- Arrays and Objects
- Arrays
- Creating and manipulating arrays.
- Array methods: push(), pop(), shift(), unshift(), slice(), splice(), map(), filter(), reduce().
- Accessing and iterating over arrays.
- Objects
- Creating and accessing objects.
- Object properties and methods.
- Iterating over object properties with for...in loop.
- Nested objects and arrays within objects.
- DOM Manipulation
- The Document Object Model (DOM)
- Introduction to the DOM and how JavaScript interacts with HTML.
- Selecting elements using getElementById(), getElementsByClassName(), querySelector(), querySelectorAll().
- Manipulating DOM Elements
- Changing text content and HTML with textContent, innerHTML.
- Modifying element styles using style property.
- Adding, removing, and modifying classes with classList.
- Event Handling
- Understanding events and event listeners.
- Handling user interactions (e.g., click, mouseover, keydown).
- Event delegation.
- Advanced Functions and Error Handling
- Advanced Functions
- Understanding higher-order functions.
- Callback functions and passing functions as arguments.
- Using setTimeout() and setInterval().
- Error Handling
- Using try, catch, and finally blocks.
- Throwing errors with throw.
- Debugging techniques in JavaScript.
- Asynchronous JavaScript
- Callbacks and Promises
- Understanding asynchronous programming.
- Writing callback functions and handling asynchronous operations.
- Introduction to Promises: then(), catch(), finally().
- Async/Await
- Using async functions and await for cleaner asynchronous code.
- Error handling with try/catch in async functions.
- AJAX and Fetch API
- Introduction to AJAX and making HTTP requests.
- Fetch API for sending and receiving data asynchronously.
- JavaScript Classes and Modules
- Classes and Inheritance
- Introduction to classes in JavaScript.
- Defining classes with class, constructor, and methods.
- Object inheritance using extends and super.
- Modules
- Using ES6 modules: import and export.
- Organizing code into reusable modules.
- Working with External Libraries and APIs
- Third-Party Libraries
- Introduction to popular JavaScript libraries: jQuery, Lodash.
- Using external libraries in a project.
- Interacting with APIs
- Understanding REST APIs.
- Making API requests with Fetch API.
- Parsing and displaying JSON data.
- JavaScript Best Practices and Optimization
- Code Organization and Best Practices
- Writing clean, readable, and maintainable code.
- Modularizing code and using proper naming conventions.
- Code commenting and documentation.
- Performance Optimization
- Minimizing global variables and using closures.
- Debouncing and throttling techniques.
- Optimizing DOM manipulation and event handling.
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Python Syllabus
- 1: Introduction to Python
- Introduction to Python
- What is Python? Overview and features of Python.
- Setting up Python environment (installation, IDEs like VSCode or PyCharm).
- Running Python code: Interactive mode vs. script mode.
- Basic Syntax
- Python syntax basics: Indentation, comments, and conventions.
- Writing and running your first Python program ("Hello, World!").
- Variables and Data Types
- Understanding variables and assignment.
- Primitive data types: Integer, Float, String, and Boolean.
- Type conversion and type casting in Python.
- 2: Operators and Control Flow
- Operators
- Arithmetic operators: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `//`, `%`, ``.
- Comparison operators: `==`, `!=`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`.
- Logical operators: `and`, `or`, `not`.
- Assignment operators: `=`, `+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, etc.
- Conditional Statements
- Using `if`, `elif`, and `else` to make decisions.
- Boolean expressions and nested if-else statements.
- Loops
- `for` loop and iteration over sequences (lists, strings, etc.).
- `while` loop and controlling loops with `break`, `continue`, and `else`.
- 3: Functions and Scope
- Defining Functions
- Writing functions using the `def` keyword.
- Function parameters, return values, and default arguments.
- Keyword arguments, variable-length arguments (`*args`, `kwargs`).
- Scope and Lifetime
- Local and global scope of variables.
- The `global` and `nonlocal` keywords.
- Lambda Functions
- Anonymous functions using `lambda`.
- Use cases for lambda functions in Python.
- 4: Data Structures
- Lists
- Creating and accessing lists.
- List methods: `append()`, `remove()`, `insert()`, `pop()`, `sort()`, etc.
- List comprehensions for efficient looping and transformations.
- Tuples
- Creating and accessing tuples.
- Immutable nature of tuples and use cases.
- Dictionaries
- Creating dictionaries and accessing values.
- Dictionary methods: `get()`, `items()`, `keys()`, `values()`.
- Iterating over dictionaries.
- Sets
- Creating and using sets.
- Set operations: union, intersection, difference.
- 5: String Manipulation and Regular Expressions
- String Handling
- String indexing, slicing, and manipulation.
- Common string methods: `upper()`, `lower()`, `split()`, `join()`, `replace()`.
- Formatted Strings
- String formatting with f-strings, `str.format()`, and `%` operator.
- Regular Expressions
- Introduction to regular expressions (regex).
- Basic regex patterns and using the `re` module for pattern matching.
- 6: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes and Objects
- Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming.
- Defining classes and creating objects.
- Instance variables, methods, and constructors (`__init__`).
- Inheritance and Polymorphism
- Class inheritance and method overriding.
- Using `super()` to call parent class methods.
- Encapsulation and Abstraction
- Public and private variables (using `self`).
- Abstract classes and methods (using `abc` module).
- 7: File Handling and Exception Handling
- File Handling
- Reading from and writing to files using `open()`.
- File modes: `r`, `w`, `a`, `r+`.
- File methods: `read()`, `readlines()`, `write()`, `writelines()`.
- Exception Handling
- Introduction to exceptions and error handling.
- Using `try`, `except`, `finally` blocks.
- Raising custom exceptions with `raise`.
- 8: Advanced Topics and Libraries
- Modules and Packages
- Creating and importing Python modules.
- Python packages and third-party libraries (e.g., `requests`, `numpy`, `pandas`).
- Using `pip` for package management.
- Iterators and Generators
- Understanding iterators and the `iter()` function.
- Using generators with `yield`.
- Decorators
- What are decorators in Python?
- Function decorators and class decorators.
- 9: Working with External Libraries
- Working with JSON and APIs
- Handling JSON data with the `json` module.
- Making HTTP requests using the `requests` module.
- Web Scraping
- Introduction to web scraping using libraries like `BeautifulSoup` and `requests`.
- Parsing HTML and extracting information from websites.
- 10: Testing, Debugging, and Best Practices
- Unit Testing
- Writing tests using the `unittest` module.
- Test-driven development (TDD) basics.
- Running and interpreting test results.
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React.js Syllabus
- 1: Introduction to React
- What is React?
- Overview of React and its role in building user interfaces.
- Benefits of React: Component-based architecture, Virtual DOM, Unidirectional data flow.
- Setting up the development environment (Node.js, npm, Create React App).
- React Basics
- Introduction to React syntax: JSX (JavaScript XML).
- Rendering a simple React component using `ReactDOM.render()`.
- Understanding the structure of a React project.
- Components and Props
- Creating functional and class components.
- Understanding components as the building blocks of React.
- Passing data between components using `props`.
- Introduction to prop types and validation using `prop-types`.
- 2: State and Event Handling
- State in React
- Understanding state in React components.
- Using `useState` hook to manage state in functional components.
- Updating state and re-rendering components.
- State in class components using `this.state` and `this.setState()`.
- Event Handling
- Handling events in React (e.g., `onClick`, `onChange`, etc.).
- Binding event handlers to class components.
- Using arrow functions to simplify event handler binding.
- Conditional Rendering
- Rendering elements conditionally with `if`, ternary operator, and logical `&&`.
- Conditional rendering of components based on state or props.
- 3: Lists, Forms, and Controlled Components
- Rendering Lists
- Displaying lists of items using `.map()` in React.
- Using `key` prop for efficient list rendering.
- Creating dynamic lists based on state.
- Forms and Controlled Components
- Handling forms in React.
- Controlled vs. uncontrolled components.
- Managing form input using `useState` and `onChange` event.
- Validating form inputs and handling form submission.
- 4: Hooks – useState, useEffect, useContext
- useState Hook
- Managing state in functional components using `useState`.
- Updating multiple pieces of state.
- useEffect Hook
- Introduction to side effects in React.
- Using `useEffect` to run code after a render.
- Fetching data from an API using `useEffect`.
- Cleanup functions in `useEffect` to prevent memory leaks.
- useContext Hook
- Introduction to Context API in React.
- Using `useContext` to share data across components without prop drilling.
- Creating a simple theme or language context.
- 5: React Router and Navigation
- React Router Basics
- Introduction to React Router and client-side routing.
- Setting up `react-router-dom` and defining routes.
- Understanding `<Route>`, `<Link>`, and `<Switch>` components.
- Nested Routes and Route Parameters
- Creating nested routes to build multi-level navigation.
- Passing and retrieving dynamic parameters in routes using `useParams`.
- Redirects and Navigation
- Using `Redirect` for programmatic navigation.
- `useHistory` hook for navigation and navigation history.
- 6: Context API and Redux (State Management)
- Context API
- Understanding the Context API for global state management.
- Creating and consuming context using `Provider` and `useContext`.
- Introduction to Redux
- Understanding Redux for managing global application state.
- Core concepts of Redux: Store, Actions, Reducers.
- Setting up Redux in a React app using `redux` and `react-redux`.
- Connecting React and Redux
- Dispatching actions and subscribing to store updates.
- Using `useDispatch` and `useSelector` hooks to interact with Redux.
- 7: Component Lifecycle and Error Boundaries
- Lifecycle Methods (Class Components)
- Understanding lifecycle methods: `componentDidMount`, `componentDidUpdate`, and `componentWillUnmount`.
- Using lifecycle methods for data fetching, cleanup, etc.
- Error Boundaries
- Introduction to error boundaries in React.
- Handling JavaScript errors in components using `componentDidCatch` or `ErrorBoundary`.
- 8: Optimizing React Applications
- Performance Optimization
- Using `React.memo` to prevent unnecessary re-renders.
- Lazy loading components with `React.lazy()` and `Suspense`.
- Using the `useMemo` and `useCallback` hooks for performance improvements.
- Code Splitting and Dynamic Imports
- Introduction to code splitting and dynamic imports.
- Optimizing bundle size with `React.lazy()` and `Suspense`.
- React Profiler
- Using React Profiler to measure performance.
- Understanding re-renders and optimizing components.
- 9:Testing in React
- Testing React Components
- Introduction to testing with Jest and React Testing Library.
- Writing unit tests for React components.
- Simulating events, testing state changes, and rendering.
- Mocking and Asynchronous Testing
- Mocking API calls and testing asynchronous code.
- Using `jest.mock` and `waitFor` in tests.
- 10: Deployment and Best Practices
- Deployment
- Deploying React apps to platforms like Netlify, Vercel, or GitHub Pages.
- Building a production-ready version of a React app using `npm run build`.
- React Best Practices
- Component design patterns and naming conventions.
- Managing state and props efficiently.
- Avoiding common pitfalls in React development.
- Accessibility best practices in React.
- Project
- Building a real-world application using React, React Router, and either Context API or Redux for state management.